Usually one has to prove and validate safety and efficiency of therapeutical treatment first in small and then in large animals such as:
- ● Mouse
- ● Rat
- ● Rabbit
- ● Dog
- ● Goat and sheep
- ● Pig
Reproducibility, progression and severity of the induced degeneration vary according to the nature of the injury and the animal species. The nature of the injury can be of chemical (papain), physical (nucleus puncture, annulus fibrosus stab), or mechanical origin, to injure the IVD and to cause the degeneration.
Repair of the IVD can be assessed using in vivo and ex-vivo imaging such as X-rays (to assess the Disc High Index) and MRI (qualitative and quantitative analysis), immunohistochemistry, biochemical and molecular analyses.
Usually one has to prove and validate safety and efficiency of therapeutical treatment first in small and then in large animals such as:
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